feat(crm): cotización aérea con peso/volumen (P/Vol) operacional

- Modalidad AÉREO (4ª opción en "¿Cómo desea cotizar?"): en la solicitud
  muestra la sección aérea con el cálculo en vivo P/Vol = (L×A×H cm × bultos)/6000
  y el peso a cobrar = max(peso bruto, P/Vol). Fija el transporte en aéreo.
- Utilidad compartida crm/common/pricing.py (air_volumetric_kg / air_chargeable_kg,
  factor internacional 6000).
- Motor de costeo (rates): la rama aérea usa el P/Vol por dimensiones si vienen
  (CostRequest ahora acepta length/width/height_cm); respaldo m³×167 cuando no.
- Cotizador: captura por dimensiones (L×A×H + bultos) en modo aéreo y muestra el P/Vol.
- Solicitud→Cotización: si es AÉREO, siembra el concepto de flete con cantidad =
  peso a cobrar (P/Vol) para capturar la tarifa por kg.
- Pruebas: test_pricing (ejemplo del doc → 720; max bruto/volumétrico) + cotización
  aérea desde solicitud. Suite en verde (108).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/api/v1/modules/crm/common/pricing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+"""Cálculos de precio compartidos del proceso comercial.
+
+Peso volumétrico / a cobrar de carga aérea (doc maestro de cotización):
+    P/Vol = (Largo_cm × Ancho_cm × Alto_cm × cantidad) / 6000
+El peso a cobrar es el mayor entre el peso bruto y el P/Vol (estándar aéreo).
+6000 cm³/kg es el factor internacional (equivale a ~167 kg/m³).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+# Factor internacional de peso volumétrico aéreo (cm³ por kg).
+AIR_VOLUMETRIC_DIVISOR = Decimal("6000")
+
+
+def _d(value) -> Decimal:
+    if value is None:
+        return Decimal(0)
+    return value if isinstance(value, Decimal) else Decimal(str(value))
+
+
+def air_volumetric_kg(length_cm, width_cm, height_cm, qty=1) -> Decimal:
+    """Peso volumétrico aéreo a partir de dimensiones (cm) y cantidad de bultos.
+
+    Devuelve 0 si falta alguna dimensión (no se puede calcular).
+    """
+    length, width, height = _d(length_cm), _d(width_cm), _d(height_cm)
+    if length <= 0 or width <= 0 or height <= 0:
+        return Decimal(0)
+    quantity = _d(qty) if _d(qty) > 0 else Decimal(1)
+    return (length * width * height * quantity) / AIR_VOLUMETRIC_DIVISOR
+
+
+def air_chargeable_kg(gross_kg, length_cm, width_cm, height_cm, qty=1) -> Decimal:
+    """Peso a cobrar aéreo: max(peso bruto, peso volumétrico por dimensiones)."""
+    return max(_d(gross_kg), air_volumetric_kg(length_cm, width_cm, height_cm, qty))

backend/api/v1/modules/crm/quotes/service.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 from ..accounts.models import Account
 from ..catalogs.models import CatalogItem
 from ..common.folios import next_folio
+from ..common.pricing import air_chargeable_kg
 from ..service_requests.models import RateRequest, ServiceRequest
 from ..suppliers.models import Supplier
 from .dto import QuoteCreate, QuoteItemCreate, QuoteItemUpdate, QuoteUpdate
@@ -196,6 +197,19 @@ def create_quotes_from_service_request(
                 quantity=Decimal(1), unit_cost=amount, unit_sale=amount,
                 currency=sr.currency, tenant_id=tenant_id, company_id=company_id,
             ))
+        # Carga aérea: concepto de flete con el peso a cobrar (P/Vol) como cantidad,
+        # para que el ejecutivo capture la tarifa por kg.
+        if (variant or "").upper() == "AEREO":
+            chargeable = air_chargeable_kg(
+                sr.weight, sr.length_cm, sr.width_cm, sr.height_cm,
+                sr.pallets_count or sr.pieces_count or 1,
+            )
+            db.add(QuoteItem(
+                quote_id=quote.id, concept="flete_internacional",
+                description=f"Flete aéreo — peso a cobrar {chargeable.quantize(Decimal('0.01'))} kg (P/Vol)",
+                quantity=chargeable, unit_cost=Decimal(0), unit_sale=Decimal(0),
+                currency=sr.currency, tenant_id=tenant_id, company_id=company_id,
+            ))
         db.flush()
         _recompute_totals(db, quote)
         created.append(quote)

backend/api/v1/modules/crm/rates/dto.py

@@ -146,6 +146,10 @@ class CostRequest(BaseModel):
     on_date: date | None = None
     gross_weight_kg: Decimal | None = None
     volume_m3: Decimal | None = None
+    # Dimensiones (cm) para el peso volumétrico aéreo (P/Vol = L×A×H×cant / 6000)
+    length_cm: Decimal | None = None
+    width_cm: Decimal | None = None
+    height_cm: Decimal | None = None
     equipment_type: str | None = None
     quantity: int = 1
     dangerous: bool = False

backend/api/v1/modules/crm/rates/service.py

@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ from .dto import (
     RateSheetCreate,
     RateSheetUpdate,
 )
+from ..common.pricing import air_volumetric_kg
 from .models import RateBreak, RateCharge, RateLane, RateSheet
 
 # Factor volumétrico aéreo: 1 m³ = 167 kg (equivale a 6000 cm³/kg).
+# Respaldo cuando solo se conoce el volumen en m³ (sin dimensiones cm).
 AIR_VOLUMETRIC_FACTOR = Decimal("167")
 
 
@@ -518,11 +520,15 @@ def quote_cost(db: Session, tenant_id: int, company_id: int, req: CostRequest) -
                 base = max(base, lane.min_charge or Decimal(0))
                 detail = f"W/M {wm.quantize(Decimal('0.01'))}"
             else:  # aereo
-                chargeable = max(gross, _volumetric_kg(req.volume_m3))
+                # P/Vol por dimensiones (L×A×H×cant / 6000); si no hay dimensiones,
+                # respaldo con el volumen en m³ × 167.
+                vol_by_dims = air_volumetric_kg(req.length_cm, req.width_cm, req.height_cm, req.quantity)
+                volumetric = vol_by_dims if vol_by_dims > 0 else _volumetric_kg(req.volume_m3)
+                chargeable = max(gross, volumetric)
                 brks = breaks_of(db, lane.id)
                 base = _best_break_cost(brks, chargeable)
                 base = max(base, lane.min_charge or Decimal(0))
-                detail = f"facturable {chargeable.quantize(Decimal('0.01'))} kg"
+                detail = f"facturable {chargeable.quantize(Decimal('0.01'))} kg (P/Vol)"
 
             charge_lines = _apply_charges(db, sheet, lane, base, chargeable, req.quantity, req.dangerous)
             total = base + sum((c.amount for c in charge_lines), Decimal(0))

backend/tests/test_pricing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""Pruebas del cálculo de peso/volumen (P/Vol) aéreo."""
+
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from api.v1.modules.crm.common.pricing import air_chargeable_kg, air_volumetric_kg
+
+
+def test_air_volumetric_doc_example():
+    # 3 pallets 120×120×100 cm → (120*120*100*3)/6000 = 720 (ejemplo del documento)
+    assert air_volumetric_kg(120, 120, 100, 3) == Decimal(720)
+
+
+def test_air_volumetric_zero_without_dimensions():
+    assert air_volumetric_kg(None, 120, 100, 3) == Decimal(0)
+    assert air_volumetric_kg(0, 120, 100, 3) == Decimal(0)
+
+
+def test_air_qty_defaults_to_one():
+    assert air_volumetric_kg(100, 100, 100, 0) == air_volumetric_kg(100, 100, 100, 1)
+
+
+def test_air_chargeable_takes_gross_when_larger():
+    # bruto 800 > volumétrico 720 → se cobra 800
+    assert air_chargeable_kg(800, 120, 120, 100, 3) == Decimal(800)
+
+
+def test_air_chargeable_takes_volumetric_when_larger():
+    # bruto 200 < volumétrico 720 → se cobra 720
+    assert air_chargeable_kg(200, 120, 120, 100, 3) == Decimal(720)

backend/tests/test_quotes.py

@@ -125,6 +125,24 @@ def test_quote_from_service_request_seeds_additional_services(db):
     assert float(quotes[0].total_sale) == 800.0
 
 
+def test_quote_from_service_request_aereo_seeds_pvol_concept(db):
+    sr = sr_service.create_service_request(
+        db,
+        ServiceRequestCreate(
+            operation_type="exportacion", load_type="AEREO", currency="USD",
+            weight=200, length_cm=120, width_cm=120, height_cm=100, pallets_count=3,
+        ),
+        T, C,
+    )
+    quotes = service.create_quotes_from_service_request(db, sr.id, T, C)
+    assert len(quotes) == 1
+    assert quotes[0].load_type == "AEREO"
+    flete = [i for i in service.get_quote_items(db, quotes[0].id, T, C) if i.concept == "flete_internacional"]
+    assert len(flete) == 1
+    # cantidad del flete = peso a cobrar (P/Vol 720 > bruto 200)
+    assert float(flete[0].quantity) == 720.0
+
+
 def test_quote_from_service_request_sets_issue_date_today(db):
     sr = _sr_with_rates(db)
     quotes = service.create_quotes_from_service_request(db, sr.id, T, C)

frontend/src/lib/api/crm/rates.ts

@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ export interface ImportPreview { mode: RateMode; total: number; valid: number; r
 
 export interface CostRequest {
 	mode: RateMode; origin?: string | null; destination?: string | null; on_date?: string | null;
-	gross_weight_kg?: number | null; volume_m3?: number | null; equipment_type?: string | null;
-	quantity?: number; dangerous?: boolean;
+	gross_weight_kg?: number | null; volume_m3?: number | null;
+	length_cm?: number | null; width_cm?: number | null; height_cm?: number | null;
+	equipment_type?: string | null; quantity?: number; dangerous?: boolean;
 }
 export interface CostChargeLine { concept: string; amount: number; }
 export interface CostOption {

frontend/src/lib/components/crm/ServiceRequestFields.svelte

@@ -21,9 +21,24 @@
 	const inputCls =
 		'rounded-md border bg-transparent px-3 py-2 text-sm outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-ring';
 
-	// FCL/LCL condicionales; "AMBAS" muestra ambas secciones
+	// FCL/LCL condicionales; "AMBAS" muestra ambas secciones; "AEREO" muestra la sección aérea
 	const isFcl = $derived(form.load_type === 'FCL' || form.load_type === 'AMBAS');
 	const isLcl = $derived(form.load_type === 'LCL' || form.load_type === 'AMBAS');
+	const isAir = $derived(form.load_type === 'AEREO');
+
+	// Peso/Volumen aéreo (P/Vol) = (L×A×H cm × cantidad de bultos) / 6000; a cobrar = max(bruto, P/Vol)
+	const airQty = $derived(Number(form.pallets_count) || Number(form.pieces_count) || 1);
+	const airVolumetric = $derived(
+		Number(form.length_cm) > 0 && Number(form.width_cm) > 0 && Number(form.height_cm) > 0
+			? (Number(form.length_cm) * Number(form.width_cm) * Number(form.height_cm) * airQty) / 6000
+			: 0
+	);
+	const airChargeable = $derived(Math.max(Number(form.weight) || 0, airVolumetric));
+
+	// La modalidad aérea fija el medio de transporte en "aéreo"
+	$effect(() => {
+		if (form.load_type === 'AEREO' && form.transport_mode !== 'aereo') form.transport_mode = 'aereo';
+	});
 
 	// Contactos del cliente seleccionado (o todos si no hay cliente)
 	const clientContacts = $derived(
@@ -151,6 +166,18 @@
 			<label class="flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm"><span class="font-medium">Volumen por pallet (m³)</span><input type="number" min="0" step="0.001" class={inputCls} bind:value={form.volume_per_pallet} /></label>
 		</div>
 	{/if}
+	{#if isAir}
+		<div class="mt-4 grid gap-3 rounded-md border p-4 sm:grid-cols-2">
+			<p class="text-sm font-semibold sm:col-span-2">Aéreo — Peso / Volumen (P/Vol)</p>
+			<p class="text-xs text-muted-foreground sm:col-span-2">P/Vol = (Largo × Ancho × Alto en cm) × cantidad de bultos ÷ 6000 (factor internacional). Se cobra el mayor entre el peso bruto y el P/Vol. Captura Largo/Ancho/Alto y piezas/pallets arriba; el resultado se recalcula solo.</p>
+			<div class="rounded-md bg-muted/40 p-3 text-sm sm:col-span-2">
+				<div class="flex justify-between"><span class="text-muted-foreground">Cantidad de bultos</span><span class="font-medium">{airQty}</span></div>
+				<div class="flex justify-between"><span class="text-muted-foreground">Peso volumétrico (P/Vol)</span><span class="font-medium">{airVolumetric.toFixed(2)}</span></div>
+				<div class="flex justify-between"><span class="text-muted-foreground">Peso bruto</span><span class="font-medium">{(Number(form.weight) || 0).toFixed(2)} kg</span></div>
+				<div class="mt-1 flex justify-between border-t pt-1"><span class="font-medium">Peso a cobrar</span><span class="font-semibold">{airChargeable.toFixed(2)} kg</span></div>
+			</div>
+		</div>
+	{/if}
 {:else if tab === 'servicios'}
 	<p class="mb-1 text-sm font-medium">Servicios adicionales</p>
 	<p class="mb-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">Marca los servicios requeridos e indica su costo estimado (opcional). Al cotizar, cada servicio marcado se agrega como concepto de la cotización con ese costo de partida.</p>

frontend/src/lib/components/crm/format.ts

@@ -182,7 +182,8 @@ export const SERVICE_TYPES: Option[] = [
 export const LOAD_TYPES: Option[] = [
 	{ value: 'FCL', label: 'FCL (contenedor completo)' },
 	{ value: 'LCL', label: 'LCL (carga consolidada)' },
-	{ value: 'AMBAS', label: 'Ambas (comparar FCL y LCL)' }
+	{ value: 'AMBAS', label: 'Ambas (comparar FCL y LCL)' },
+	{ value: 'AEREO', label: 'Aéreo (carga aérea)' }
 ];
 
 export const PRIORITIES: Option[] = [

frontend/src/routes/dashboard/crm/cotizador/+page.svelte

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 	let f = $state({
 		mode: 'aereo' as RateMode, origin: '', destination: '', on_date: '',
 		gross_weight_kg: null as number | null, volume_m3: null as number | null,
+		length_cm: null as number | null, width_cm: null as number | null, height_cm: null as number | null,
 		equipment_type: '', quantity: 1, dangerous: false
 	});
 	let options = $state<CostOption[]>([]);
@@ -23,6 +24,15 @@
 	let working = $state(false);
 
 	const isFcl = $derived(f.mode === 'maritimo_fcl' || f.mode === 'terrestre');
+	const isAir = $derived(f.mode === 'aereo');
+
+	// P/Vol aéreo en vivo: (L×A×H cm × cantidad) / 6000; a cobrar = max(bruto, P/Vol)
+	const airVolumetric = $derived(
+		Number(f.length_cm) > 0 && Number(f.width_cm) > 0 && Number(f.height_cm) > 0
+			? (Number(f.length_cm) * Number(f.width_cm) * Number(f.height_cm) * (Number(f.quantity) || 1)) / 6000
+			: 0
+	);
+	const airChargeable = $derived(Math.max(Number(f.gross_weight_kg) || 0, airVolumetric));
 
 	onMount(() => void crmCatalogs.preload(['modo_tarifario', 'tipo_equipo']));
 
@@ -34,6 +44,7 @@
 			const res = await rateSheetsAPI.quote({
 				mode: f.mode, origin: f.origin || null, destination: f.destination || null,
 				on_date: f.on_date || null, gross_weight_kg: f.gross_weight_kg, volume_m3: f.volume_m3,
+				length_cm: f.length_cm, width_cm: f.width_cm, height_cm: f.height_cm,
 				equipment_type: f.equipment_type || null, quantity: f.quantity || 1, dangerous: f.dangerous
 			}, companyId);
 			options = res.options; calculated = true;
@@ -70,11 +81,25 @@
 					{:else}
 						<label class="flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm"><span class="font-medium">Peso bruto (kg)</span><input type="number" min="0" step="0.01" class={inputCls} bind:value={f.gross_weight_kg} /></label>
 						<label class="flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm"><span class="font-medium">Volumen (m³)</span><input type="number" min="0" step="0.001" class={inputCls} bind:value={f.volume_m3} /></label>
+						{#if isAir}
+							<label class="flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm"><span class="font-medium">Largo (cm)</span><input type="number" min="0" step="0.01" class={inputCls} bind:value={f.length_cm} /></label>
+							<label class="flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm"><span class="font-medium">Ancho (cm)</span><input type="number" min="0" step="0.01" class={inputCls} bind:value={f.width_cm} /></label>
+							<label class="flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm"><span class="font-medium">Alto (cm)</span><input type="number" min="0" step="0.01" class={inputCls} bind:value={f.height_cm} /></label>
+							<label class="flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm"><span class="font-medium">Cantidad de bultos</span><input type="number" min="1" class={inputCls} bind:value={f.quantity} /></label>
+						{/if}
 					{/if}
 
 					<label class="flex flex-col gap-1 text-sm"><span class="font-medium">Fecha embarque</span><input type="date" class={inputCls} bind:value={f.on_date} /></label>
 					<label class="flex items-center gap-2 pt-6 text-sm"><input type="checkbox" class="h-4 w-4 rounded border" bind:checked={f.dangerous} /><span>Mercancía peligrosa (DGR)</span></label>
 				</div>
+				{#if isAir && airVolumetric > 0}
+					<div class="mt-3 flex flex-wrap gap-6 rounded-md bg-muted/40 p-3 text-sm">
+						<span>P/Vol (volumétrico): <b>{airVolumetric.toFixed(2)}</b></span>
+						<span>Peso bruto: <b>{(Number(f.gross_weight_kg) || 0).toFixed(2)} kg</b></span>
+						<span>Peso a cobrar: <b>{airChargeable.toFixed(2)} kg</b></span>
+						<span class="text-xs text-muted-foreground">P/Vol = (L×A×H) × bultos ÷ 6000</span>
+					</div>
+				{/if}
 				<div class="mt-4 flex justify-end"><Button onclick={calc} disabled={working}>{working ? 'Calculando…' : 'Calcular costo'}</Button></div>
 			</Card.Content>
 		</Card.Root>